HEA's staff has carried out many studies and projects to identify, evaluate, and where necessary, install alternate routes to comply with new Clean Air Act requirements:

• EPA Mandated CAA Reformulated Gasoline.   Assessed adequacy of client's baseline data, and evaluated and selected contractor to audit client's 1990 Baseline Parameters.
  
  
• Ethanol - CAA and Marketing Implications.   Updated client on the legislative, tax, and production history of fuel ethanol in the U.S., and on the impact of ethanol on automobile performance and on refinery optimization.
  
  
• Fuel Ethanol Production.    Estimated capital and operating cost for a grass roots new plant for fuel ethanol production by both the wet- and dry-milling processes.
  
  
• 1990 Baseline Parameters.    Determined client's Baseline Parameters and analyzed refinery's ability to meet year 1995, 1997, and 2000 fuel emissions requirements.
  
  
• CAA/EPA Certified Auditors.    A team of highly skilled HEA personnel is on file with EPA.
  
  
• FCC Kinetic Model.    Used a FCC kinetic (math) model to predict the impact of cracking severity on yield of C₆ and C₇ aromatics in gasoline.
  
  
• New FCC Integration.    Evaluated the impact and benefits of replacing old catalytic cracking technology with new FCC technology.
  
  
• Oxygenate Blending Studies.    Determined the effect of MTBE on finished gasoline specifications and made appropriate adjustments to LP models for refinery optimization.
  
  
• Catalytic Reformer Benzene Precursor Adjustment.    Reviewed composition data and determined the best means to use available and/or new fractionation equipment to achieve optimal reduction of benzene in reformate product.
  
  
• Aromatics Extraction Options.    Evaluated ways to modify feedstock composition and unit operations to achieve lower net benzene content in finished gasolines.